Isithuthuthu soMbane sobomi bokuphupha

Isithuthuthu sombane luhlobo lwemoto yombane, enebhetri yokuqhuba imoto. Ukuqhuba amandla ombane kunye nenkqubo yokulawula yenziwe yimoto yokuqhuba, unikezelo lwamandla kunye nesixhobo sokulawula isantya semoto. Intsalela yesithuthuthu sombane ngokusisiseko iyafana nenjini yokutsha yangaphakathi.

Ukubunjwa kwesithuthuthu sombane kubandakanya: ukuqhuba umbane kunye nenkqubo yokulawula, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okuqhuba kunye nezinye iinkqubo zemishini, ukugqiba umsebenzi wesixhobo sokusebenza. Ukuqhuba kombane kunye nenkqubo yolawulo yeyona nto iphambili kwisithuthi sombane, ikwahluke kumohluko omkhulu kunye nemoto yangaphakathi yokutshisa injini.

Isithuthuthu sombane

Isithuthuthu esiqhutywa ngumbane. Yahlulwe yaba sisithuthuthu sombane esinamavili amabini kunye nesithuthuthu sombane esinamavili amathathu.

A. Isithuthuthu esinamavili amabini sombane: isithuthuthu esinamavili amabini esiqhutywa ngumbane sinesantya soyilo esikhulu esingaphezulu kwe-50km/h.

B. Isithuthuthu esinamavili amathathu soMbane: isithuthuthu esinamavili amathathu aqhutywa ngamandla ombane, nesona santya siphezulu siyilo esingaphezulu kwe-50km/h kunye nobunzima bokugcinwa kwesithuthi bungaphantsi kwe-400kg.

IMoped yoMbane

Iimopeds eziqhutywa ngombane zohlulwe zibe zimbini zombane kunye neemopeds ezinamavili amathathu.

A. Isithuthuthu esinamavili amabini sombane: isithuthuthu esinamavili amabini esiqhutywa ngumbane esihlangabezana nale miqathango ilandelayo:

Isantya esiphezulu soyilo singaphezulu kwe-20km / h kwaye singaphantsi kwe-50km / h;

Ubunzima besithuthi bungaphezulu kwe-40kg kwaye isantya esiphezulu soyilo singaphantsi kwe-50km / h.

B. Ii-mopeds zombane ezinamavili amathathu: ii-mopeds ezinamavili amathathu eziqhutywa ngamandla ombane, kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokuyila esingekho ngaphezu kwe-50km / h kunye nobunzima besithuthi bubonke bungekho ngaphezu kwe-400kg.

ukwakheka

Unikezelo lwamandla

Unikezelo lwamandla lubonelela ngamandla ombane kwimoto yokuqhuba yesithuthuthu sombane. I-motor iguqula amandla ombane wonikezelo lwamandla kumandla omatshini, aqhuba amavili kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ngesixhobo sokuhambisa okanye ngokuthe ngqo. Kule mihla, olona nikezelo lwamandla lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi zombane yibhetri ye-lead-acid. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe bezithuthi zombane, ibhetri ye-lead-acid ithathelwa indawo ngokuthe ngcembe ngezinye iibhetri ngenxa yamandla ayo aphantsi, isantya sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nobomi obufutshane benkonzo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo emitsha yamandla kuyaphuhliswa, nto leyo evula amathuba abanzi ophuhliso lwezithuthi zombane.

Qhuba injini

Indima yemoto yokuqhuba kukuguqula amandla ombane ombane kumandla omatshini, ngesixhobo sokuhambisa okanye ukuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo amavili kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza. Iimoto ze-Dc series zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimoto zombane zanamhlanje, ezineempawu "ezithambileyo" zemishini kwaye zihambelana kakhulu neempawu zokuqhuba iimoto. Nangona kunjalo, i-dc motor ngenxa yentlantsi yokutshintsha, amandla amancinci athile, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphantsi, ukugcinwa komsebenzi, kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yemoto kunye netekhnoloji yolawulo lweemoto, ibotshelelwa ukuba ithathelwe indawo yi-DC brushless motor (BCDM), switched reluctance motor (SRM) kunye ne-AC motor asynchronous.

Isixhobo sokulawula isantya seemoto

Isixhobo sokulawula isantya semoto simiselwe isantya semoto yombane kunye notshintsho lwendlela, indima yaso kukulawula i-voltage okanye yangoku yemoto, ukugqiba i-motor drive torque kunye nolawulo lomkhombandlela wokujikeleza.

Kwizithuthi zombane zangaphambili, ummiselo wesantya semoto ye-dc uphunyezwa ngokumelana nothotho okanye ukutshintsha inani lokujika kwekhoyili yamandla kazibuthe wemoto. Ngenxa yokuba isantya salo sibekwe kwinqanaba, kwaye siya kuvelisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okongeziweyo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo semoto kunzima, kunqabile ukusetyenziswa namhlanje. Kule mihla, umgaqo wesantya se-SCR chopper usetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi zombane, eziqonda ukulawulwa kwesantya esingenanyathelo ngokuguqula i-terminal voltage yemoto ngokulinganayo kunye nokulawula ukungoku kwemoto. Kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweteknoloji yamandla e-elektroniki, ngokuthe ngcembe ithatyathelwa indawo yenye i-transistor yamandla (ibe yi-GTO, MOSFET, BTR kunye ne-IGBT, njl. njl.) isixhobo sokulawula isantya se-chopper. Ukusuka kumbono wophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemoto entsha yokuqhuba, ukulawulwa kwesantya semoto yombane kuguqulwa kusetyenziso lwetekhnoloji ye-DC inverter, eya kuba yinto engenakuphepheka.

Kulawulo loguqulo lwe-motor's spin, i-motor ye-dc ixhomekeke kwi-contactor ukutshintsha indlela yangoku ye-armature okanye i-magnetic field ukufezekisa ukuguqulwa kwe-motor's spin, eyenza ukuba iSekethi ibe nzima kunye nokuthembeka kuncitshiswe. Xa i-ac asynchronous motor isetyenzisiweyo, utshintsho lwe-motor steering lufuna kuphela ukuguqula ukulandelelana kwesigaba sesithathu sesigaba sangoku samagnetic field, esinokwenza lula isiphaluka sokulawula. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwemoto ye-AC kunye netekhnoloji yokulawula isantya sokuguqula isantya kwenza ulawulo lokubuyisela amandla e-braking kwizithuthi zombane lube lula ngakumbi, lula ngakumbi isekethe yokulawula.